POND ECOSYSTEM

Pond  ecosystem is the typical example of the aquatic ecosystem. It is seen that where ever there is pond there is the pond ecosystem existing.
What is ecosystem?
Ecosystem is the ecological system which is formed by the interaction between the living organisms and nonliving components of the particular area and formation of the stable type of system in that particular area. There are different types of ecosystems like the aquatic ecosystem, terrestrial ecosystem etc. aquatic ecosystem is further classified as the pond ecosystem, lake ecosystem, river ecosystem, ecosystem of the aquarium etc. Anyway the pond ecosystem is the ecosystem which is formed in a pond by the living organisms of the pond and the non-living components of the pond like light, heat, temperature, soil water etc. The living organisms of the pond are also known as the biotic factors which are the plants and animals of the pond. Plants are green in color and known as producers. Animals are known as consumers.There are small and microscopic organisms in the pond which are bacteria, viruses and fungi. They are known as decomposers.

PTERODACTYLE

What is pterodactyle? It is also known as flying fox. It is more or less like the fox in appearance but it is unlike the fox because a fox can no more fly but what it amazing with the Pterodactyle is that it is the flying mammal which can fly but not with its true wing but with its patagia or wing like structures. Pterodactyles are the fruit -eating bats. They are seen hanging over the branches of the trees with head in downward position. Due to their capacity to fly in the air although the flight is of not so long distance, they are known as flying fox. They show the general characters of mammals like hair covered body, a pair of pinnae for collecting sound waves, pentadactyle limbs, four-chambered heart, viviparity i.e. giving birth to young ones and warmbloodedness. There are two different types of bats, one type are the insectivorous bats which are of small size in comparison to the pterodactyle. But the large sized bats are frugivorous in nature.

Rabbit

Rabbit is the common representative animal which belongs to the phylum chordata, class mammalia and order lagomorpha. This is the graceful animal in the animal kingdom. It is herbivorous in food habit.

Structure: Body of rabbit can be divided into four  different parts. They are anterior head, neck trunk and the tail.Head is the anteriormost region of the body. It is a little bit conical in shape and consists of snout, a pair of nostrils,a pair of eyes and at the top of the head there are two enlarged external ears called pinnae. They collect the sound waves from the environment and pass the sound waves towards the middle ear and then to the internal ear. Inside the mouth there are teeth and tongue. Teeth are adapted to eat the vegetable food materials. Rabbit is totally herbivorous in food habit. So, it has no canine teeth for tearing the flesh materials.Neck is the second part of the body which lies just after head region. Then comes the trunk region in the ventral side of the trunk are found the mammary glands which produce milk for suckling the young ones. There are two pairs of limbs which arise from the trunk, one pair of forelimbs and the second pair of hind limbs. There is the single small bushy tail.

HORSES

Horse is the common chordate animal which comes under the class mammalia. Its order is primate. Horse is famous for running. It has been used as the vehicle for traveling both for the long distance and the short distance. It has been found to be used by the royal family and in the procession which is organized during royal celebration and in the several welcome programs of the foreign guests. Horses are of different colors and size. Some are black and some are grey and even white  or greish white. White and grey colored horse is  liked by all. Horse is the animal which can run very fast. The horse rider usually trains the horse to go for the different directions and the different distance short and long distance. Body of horse is also divided into four parts, anterior head, second neck, trunk and the posterior tail It has reduced digits in the hind limbs which helps it to run fast.

Jackal in the forest.
Jackal is the common wild animal but it is found to be inhabiting in the adjoining areas near the forest in the villages where there is plenty of food for it. Jackal has different names in the different languages. In Nepalese language it is known as shyal. It is famous for its cunning nature. Its body is more or less similar to the cat and a little bit similar to the cat. It has the bilaterally symmetrical body with two pairs of limbs one pair of forelimbs and the another pair of hind limbs It has a distinct tail. Body is covered with hairs and has got a pair of external ears which help to collect sound waves from the atmosphere. The color of the fur is brown and black on the dorsal side and light brown on the ventral side. It is omnivorous in food habit. It often comes near the village at night and preys upon the very small and defenseless domestic and herbivorous animals of the village. Then when the morning approaches it goes back to its natural habitat, the jungle or in the bush area.

CROCODILE

 

Introduction:Crocodile :  is the chordate animal which is included under the class reptilia and the order lacertilia in which all the lizards are also included. Almost all of us have heard and seen the crocodile in its natural habitat or in the zoo. It is fearful to look at. It is like a big lizard. It is considered to be the rude animal of nature and there are provers and sayings regarding it that if some one sheds tears for others then if he or she is rude in nature then it is said that the tears are the crocodile tears. Any way crocodile is the frightening animal.
Where is crocodile found? Crocodile is found to be distributed in the riverside but specially in those areas where the river is situated near the big jungle or in the area of natural park and wildlife reserve. Crocodiles live in the deep water river where there is the sustainable source of water.
Structure : Crocodiles have the common reptilian feature. Its body is bilaterally symmetrical and dorsoventrally  flattened a little bit. The whole body is covered by horny and dry scales.which gives protection to its body. There are two pairs of limbs, one pair of forelimbs and another pair of hind limbs.Each limb has five digits with well developed claws which help them to grasp the animals firmly.It has the well developed tail which is also covered with scales.
Food habit: Crocodiles are generally carnivorous in food habit. They use to eat the whole animal which it finds on its way in its natural habitat. It attacks the animals which comes near the front part of its body. But it remains silent until the animal comes just in front of it. It swallows the animal as a whole.
Importance: Crocodile, although is the fearful animal, it is important from the ecological point of view. It is helping to balance the ecosystem of the particular habitat by playing the role of one of the trophic level of aquatic ecosystem. So it should be preserved in its natural habitat for the balance of nature.

KALLIMA BUTTERFLY

Kallima                     
   Introduction:  Kallima butterfly is the well known and famous Indian butterfly which is distributed in all types of habitat, especially the forests and gardens where there is the threat of the preying insects and carnivorous types of animals.
What is special about this Kallima butterfly?
It is very curious to know the particulars about the animals of nature. Regarding this, the particular character of the Kallima butterfly is that it is the leaf-shaped arthropod which comes under the class insecta. Like other insects, it has got the body which is divided into three parts, head thorax and abdomen. The special thing about it is that it has the capacity to hide itself among the leaves of the plants where it is perfectly concealing itself in such a way that it is thought to be the leaf but not the animal by its predators. So, it is harmonized in such a way with its natural habitat that it is not identified by its predators as the animal and so its protected in natural although it is the defenseless animal of nature. Its body color and shape is totally similar to lead like and so this butterfly is an example which inspires the animals how to adapt themselves in the natural habitat and conceal themselves from the sight of predators. We all human beings also get inspiration that how the defenseless animals of nature are adapting themselves in nature without the fear of survival.