What is animal adaptation?

Animals adjust themselves in their habitat by making the body structure suitable according to their environment. This adjustment of the animals in their environment is known as animal adaptation.
Types of animal adaptation:

(1) Aquatic adaptation
(2) Terrestrial adaptation
(1) Aquatic adaptation: Adjustment of animals in the aquatic habitat by modifying certain structures of their body is known as aquatic adaptation. The structures or features which help them to adjust themselves in aquatic habitat are known as the adaptational features or adaptational structures.
     Following adaptational structures or adaptational features are found int the body of aquatic animals

- Body is streamlined in shape which enable them to live in aquatic habitat
- Fins as the main locomotory organs in aquatic habitat. Fins are also of the different types. They are dorsal fins, ventral fins caudal fins. There are paired fins also which are known as the pectoral fins and the pelvic fins.
The fins help them in swimming mode of life but the caudal fin helps them in balancing the body in water and also for changing the direction while swimming.
Gills- as the respiratory organs are also the adaptational structures which help the aquatic animals to breathe in oxygen the oxygen which is dissolved in water. Such aquatic animals which have gills as the respiratory organs are perfectly adapted in aquaticc mode of life.

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Geometrical ratio of increase or theory of ove production

Charles Darwin, the British naturalist propounded his popular theory of organic evolution which is popularly known as ''Darwinism''. This theory states that there is the tendency of all the animals to reproduce and continue the race. They all tend to increase the number of their species and this increase in numbe rof their species is always in the geometrical ratio. This theory is known as the theory of over production or the theory of the geometrical ratio of increase. In this point of his theory he has given the example of the fast reproducing animal and the slow reproducing animal. In the fast reproducing animals he has given the example of paramecium. In the slow breeding animal he gave the example of the elephant. According to this theory of over production Darwin explains that paramecium reproduces by the process of binary fission in the favourable condition of the year and gives the two daughter paramecia. Paramecium reproduces four times a day by the process of binary fission. and the total number of daughter paramecia formed in one day are sixteen. Inthe same way if paramecium foes on reproducing in this way for one year and if all the off springs produced in one year survive without death then what will eb the result? The result will be that there will be no place for other animals to live in this world. The space will not be sufficient for only paramecium also.But there is the check and balance system also which is going on in nature.

Survival of animals in nature

Animals use to survive in nature in the different ways. They have to face the different environmental conditions in their life time. They are so vulnerable that they have to face the survival problem even in the different season of the year. For example, the cold- blooded animals which are also known as poikilothermic animals have the variable body temperature. They do not have the constant body temperature. Their body temperature fluctuates according to the environmental temperature. When there is rise in environmental temperature, the body temperature of the poikilothermic animals also goes up. Similarly, when the environmental temperature falls below zero during severe cold of winter, the body temperature of these cold-blooded animals also fallsbelow zero. But, the metabolic reactions of the body cells of living organisms can take place only in the suitable temperature of about 20 to 30 degree centigrade. The important physiological processes can go on only in the suitable temperature but if there is temperature imbalance inside the body cells then the metabolic activity of the body is disturbed. So, the cold -blooded animals have to face the survival problem in each winter season of the year. Most of them which can not escape the severe cold temperature of cold winter die in the winter season. But the warm-blooded animals have at least the constant body temperature all teh year round. They don't hav eto face the survival problem in each winter. It is not a big problem for them to ace the winter. But some cold blooded animals have adapted their temperature variation by means of the physiological adaptation. Many of them go under the ground to live for the whole winter so as to escape the severe cold temperature of the winter season. This is just to survive in winter.

Intraspecific competetion in animal world

It is the law of nature that there is always the different types of competition  going in nature among the living organisms including the animals of nature. There are mainly three different types of competition going on in nature. They are :
-Intra specific competition
- Inter specific competetion and
- the competetion or the struggle going on against the forces of nature.
Intra specific competition or intrspecific struggle: It is the struggle or competition going on in nature between the animals of the same species. In this type of competition, there is the struggle going on mainly for the food, for space to live in and for the mating partner.
Inters pecific struggle or inter specificcompetition: This is the struggle going on in nature mainly for the food. This type of struggle takes place between a predator and the prey. In this type of competition one animal called predator usually kills the animal which is its prey. This type of competition takes place in the form of the predator and the prey relationship.
Struggle against the forces of nature:  The third type of competition goes on in such a way that all the animals are doing struggle to survive against the forces of nature which are not under the control. For example, flood, land slide, erosion, earthquake, storms like hurricane, tornado etc are the naturAL factors which occur unexpectedly and cause the destruction of large number of the living animals.
  Only a few animals are able to survive in the natural disaster and the large number of them die in the struggle.This phenomenon is known as the ''Struggle for existence''. Struggle for existence is the important part of Darwin's theory. It is the important element of Darwinism.

What is Anjina ?

Anjina is a symptom of the coronary artery disease. Progressive narrowing of the arteries, due to formation of plaque supplies inadequate oxygen rich blood to the heart muscles,during exercise or stress. This condition is called ''Ischaemia''. When 'ischaemia' of the heart muscles occurs, ''angina'' is  the pain signal from the heart asking for more rest.
Anjina Pectoralis? Anjina pectoralis means chest pain. This pain is often not identified to the chest. It is often a referred or radiating pain in the upper body, left arm, jaw or upper back. The pain can also show symptoms like heaviness in chest or indigestion. An anjinal attack normally lasts for less than five minutes. The effects of ischaemia on the heart muscle are reversible and do not result in the death of cells. An anjinal attack can be relieved by rest and medication.
How to diagnose anjina? Diagnosis of anjina can be made on the basis of one's medical history.The relation of one's symptoms to the physical activity or emotional stress, identify the risk of factors for atherosclerosis. Also, certain laboratory tests, a resting electrocardiogram and chest x-ray are needed to help make the diagnosis of one's disease.
Medical History  The pattern of discomfort or pain along with a review of one's medical history will help the doctor to make a provisional diagnosis of anjina.
- Th epriority is given to the nature of the discomport or pain. Its location , what brings it on and what it relieves - The risk factors will be identified by the doctor . Risk factors are overweight, smoker etc.
- The family history will be assessed .